Sacha Inchi
Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volúbilis) is produced in high and low jungle in the Peruvian Amazonian. Initially wild, this plant is now cultivated, but it has high genetic variability which may produce confusion trying to identify the genus Plukenetia (Rodriguez et al, 2010). Actually, it is recognized the importance of oil of sacha inchi (also known as Inka peanut) because not only by its content of alpha linolenic acid (omega 3) but also by its content of triacylglicerols, polyphenols and tocopherols (Fanali et al, 2011). Oil of Sacha Inchi (Plukenetia volúbilis) is appreciated by its properties improving lipid profile (Huaman et al, 2008).
There is an urgent need to reduce exposure to NCD risk factors amongst Malaysians. There are evidences that medical nutrition therapy using nutritional supplements are recommended to treat NCDs. Nutritional supplements contain biologically active ingredients associated with physiological health benefits for preventing and managing chronic diseases, such as hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, and diabetes mellitus . Natural nutraceuticals were a preferable treatment method that has been accepted by consumers and appeared to be generally safe . Among the nutritional supplements used in controlling chronic diseases is the utilisation of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), hypertension and hyperlipidaemia are the most common form of NCDs in Malaysia. Prescription of standard and long term medical regimen has long been implemented in managing the illnesses. There is a need to search for some potential complementary medicine to combat 3Hs. The use of Sacha Inchi oil as part of the dietary regimen, or alternative medicine to alleviate the disease progression is the novel research focus among the scientific communities. With the aforementioned, this randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded human clinical trial is aimed to determine the efficacy of 12 weeks supplementation of Sacha Inchi oil, a natural blend of polyunsaturated fatty acids among the 3Hs patients. Secondary outcomes include the assessment of vascular implication biomarkers, inflammatory markers, nutritional status, quality of life, mental health, safety and tolerability.
On the other hand, when the results are analyzed according to individual tocopherols, it was found that the commercial oils contained an average of 37.11 mg/kg α-tocopherol, 1255.99 mg/kg γ-tocopherol and 927.56 mg/kg δ-tocopherol. The presence of α-tocopherol was detected in all samples, the concentration varied between 0.59 and 193.82 mg/kg. Some reports show small concentrations of α-tocopherol (Fanali et al. 2011; Chirinos et al. 2015), whereas Chasquibol et al. reported values between 4.2 and 126.5 mg/kg for commercial Sacha inchi oils. The most important tocopherols in this oil are γ- and δ-tocopherol, while the scientific literature reports that γ-tocopherol is found in a higher content than δ-tocopherol (Follegatti-Romero et al. 2009; Fanali et al. 2011; Chirinos et al. 2015, NTP 2018). In this case, five samples of commercial oils (IP003, IP009, IP012, IP024 and IP026) (Table 2) showed higher δ-tocopherol content. It is important to note that the δ-tocopherol/γ-tocopherol ratio (δ/γ) for the mentioned commercial oils was between 1.02 and 3.81, while the rest of the oils showed a 0.33–0.81 ratio. A linear regression analysis was developed with the purpose of observing the multicollinearity between the variables δ- and γ-tocopherol, this analysis showed a correlation coefficient of 0.7272 and the linear regression equation was as follows: δ-toc = 79.2846 + 0.6554298 * γ-toc (Table 2). These results indicate that the behavior of the samples according to these two variables is direct in 87% of the total of the samples, while 13% of samples contradict this association. Sacha inchi oil contains a good source of tocopherols compared to other oils such as flaxseed (377.1 mg/kg), rapeseed (439 mg/kg), corn (886.5 mg/kg), almond (379.8 mg/kg), walnut (209.4) and sunflower oils (535 mg/kg) (Gliszczyńska-Świgło et al. 2007; Yang et al. 2018).
Three days before the study, subjects from both groups (soy meal and sacha inchi meal) were asked to receive a standardized diet, which includes 1509.25±43.35 calories per day.
Bibliography
Characterization of commercial Sacha inchi oil according to its .... (1970). Retrieved on May 17, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6801255/.
Nitrogen balance after a single oral consumption of Sacha Inchi .... (1970). Retrieved on May 17, 2022, from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5955778/.
Sacha Inchi Oil Supplementation in 3Hs . (1970). Retrieved on May 17, 2022, from https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04920825.
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